据总部位于加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚的房地产公司麦当劳地产（MacDonald Realty）最新数据显示，来自中国的买家目前“主导”温哥华炙手可热豪华房地产市场。麦当劳地产指出，2014年，公司旗下价格超过300万加元的高温哥华端房产70%的买家来自中国内地。

中国买家对温哥华豪华房市影响可以有多深远？

不过，与此同时，麦当劳地产的数据显示，富裕内地买家对加拿大西海岸温哥华市场的影响与房价同步──房价高，影响大；房价低，影响小──这一结论引起市场强烈讨论。公司称，2014年，售价在100万至300万加元之间的住宅交易中，中国内地买家占21%，而售价低于100万加元的住宅交易中，这一比例仅仅为11%。

这一最新数据为温哥华世界性的房地产市场提供了新的信息力度，在温哥华地区，一栋独立式住宅平均成本已飙升至223万加元，人们也开始争论住房可负担性危机，并大肆猜测非本地买家所扮演的角色。

虽然从历史角度来讲，温哥华是由来自亚洲的移民组成，特别是1997年中国香港回归中国前几年的中国香港移民，不过近年来温哥华房价上涨仍引发了激烈的讨论。很多人说成千上万的中国大陆百万富翁通过省级以及联邦投资项目移民至温哥华，这群人推动了当地高端房地产的需求。

麦当劳地产副总裁丹·史凯罗（Dan Scarrow）目前是该公司驻上海办事处的负责人，他说来自中国的买家对房价的影响非常明确的——但这种影响只限于奢侈房地产市场，而不是全部的房地产市场，后者价格的上升是受其他因素影响。史凯罗称，对于那些指责外国买家造成温哥华住房可负担性危机的人而言，这个结论很显然给他们出了难题，同时也让那些试图淡化或完全忽略中国买家在市场上扮演的角色的房地产企业反思。

 “这绝对影响了高端市场，奢侈房地产市场。但是当你看其他市场，（中国内地买家）参与度仅有11% ，”史凯罗说。

据史凯罗称，该数据来综合了2014年全年，麦当劳地产公司驻温哥华三家主要办事处共1500套房产交易的分析。其中，公寓和毗连住宅共962套，占比62%，其余部分为独立式住宅。史凯罗称，几乎所有的售价超过200万加元的房产是独立式住宅，公司根据中国大陆买家名字的拼写将他们独立区分——内地名字拼写与中国香港粤语和中国台湾名字拼写有很大不同。该公司说，这些买家“可能是加拿大公民或移民”，并提到“临界数量约5万个内地高净值家庭”在未来几年将继续从中国香港和中国引进资金“投资于当地房地产”。

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Chinese buyers making mark on Vancouver’s luxury housing

Buyers from China “dominate” the luxury segment of Vancouver’s red-hot housing market, according to new data from prominent B.C. real estate company Macdonald Realty Ltd., which says mainland Chinese buyers in 2014 accounted for 70 per cent of the firm’s transactions of high-end Vancouver homes over $3-million.

At the same time, however, Macdonald’s data show the influence of wealthy mainland Chinese buyers – a subject that stirs strong emotions here on the West Coast – declines in tandem with the price of the property. The firm said mainland Chinese buyers accounted for 21 per cent of the transactions last year in which homes sold for between $1-million and $3-million, and just 11 per cent of those in which the price tag dipped below $1-million.

The new data offer fresh granularity into Vancouver’s cosmopolitan housing market, where the average cost of a detached house has soared to $2.23-million, amid talk of a housing affordability crisis and rampant speculation about the possible role of buyers whose income is disconnected from the local labour market.
Although Vancouver has historically been shaped by immigration from Asia, particularly from Hong Kong in the years preceding the 1997 handover to China, there has been intense debate in Vancouver as house prices climbed in recent years. Many have said demand for high-end housing was boosted by tens of thousands of mainland Chinese millionaires arriving in Vancouver on provincial and federal immigrant-investor programs.

Dan Scarrow, a Macdonald vice-president who runs the firm’s Shanghai office, says buyers from China are having a clear impact on house prices – but only in the luxury market, and not on broader real estate prices, which have risen for other reasons. That creates a conundrum for those who are blaming foreign buyers alone for Vancouver’s affordability crisis, he says, but also contradicts those in the real estate industry who are trying to play down or entirely discount the role Chinese buyers play in the market.

“It’s absolutely had an impact on the top end, on the luxury market. But when you look at the rest of the market, [mainland Chinese buyers are] only participating at an 11-per-cent rate,” Mr. Scarrow says.

The data emerged from an analysis of 1,500 real estate transactions from Macdonald’s three main Vancouver offices over the course of 2014, Mr. Scarrow said. Apartments and attached houses accounted for 962 – or 62 per cent – of the 1,500 properties, while the remainder were detached houses. Almost all of the properties above $2-million were detached houses, Mr. Scarrow said, and the firm isolated buyers with ties to mainland Chinese by their names – which differ in spelling from Cantonese names from Hong Kong and those from Taiwan. The firm said these buyers “likely are Canadian citizens or have status as immigrants,” and mentioned that a “critical mass of around 50,000 high-net-worth mainland families” will continue to bring in money from Hong Kong and China to “invest in local real estate” over the coming years.